The Toulmin Method

The Toulmin method is a model of argumentation, created by Stephen Toulmin in 1958, that breaks down arguments into 6 different components. The primary parts of the argument are the claim, the grounds upon which you make the claim, and the warrant that connects these two ideas. The other components help support arguments with this basic structure, with the backing that helps to further justify the argument, the qualifier to show how the claim is relevant to the situation, and the rebuttal to show an opposing view. All put together, the Toulmin method is a great way to form strong arguments and back them up sufficiently.

Oftentimes, we may be hesitant to engage in argument or debate because we have had or seen arguments that were disorganized and even became hostile. Probably online! Maybe it left you wondering how the person ever came to those conclusions. Social media and other methods of online communication make it a little too easy to communicate our thoughts. A statement you might've hesitated to say to someone's face could take you under a minute to type out and send. Saying something with no basis for your argument is a surefire way to get a similarly worded response, and these interactions quickly devolve into chaos. Utilizing the Toulmin method in situations like these allows us more control over what we say - and a better way of saying it, too. When you can gain more insight into the reasoning behind someone's argument, and see the evidence upon which they make their claims, it can open us up to being more open.

With all of these steps, the Toulmin method can provide so much information in an argument. But too much of a good thing is still too much. We can make the best argument for our claim and not get listened to due to the overflow of information. If there are many with a similar perspective on the topic at hand, there can be too many voices clamoring about the same arguments that get ignored, too. There is a level of awareness needed in a situation where it is necessary to identify when to use a more concise argument, or when we need to use specific components. Especially knowing when your opponent (of sorts) is not as open-minded, and prioritizing your own time and energy by removing yourself from the situation. Taking the time to take a step back, think about, and justify your argument is still very important. It is the hidden component of the Toulmin method that we need to take to heart to have productive debates and respectful conversations.